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? ?????????? |  $1.979 trillion[?] (????? - ??) |
? Per capita | $??,???[?] (????? - ??) |
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? ?????????? | $1.883 trillion[?] (????? - ?) |
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????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????????[???] ????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????????[???] ??????????????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????????[???] ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????[???] ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????????[???]
????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????[???] ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????[???]
?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????[???] ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????[???] ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????[???] ????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????
???????
- ↑ Royal Anthem? Government of Canada (August 11, 2017)? December 18, 2020 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Official Languages Act (PDF)? Revised Statutes of NWT, 1988? Department of Justice, Northwest Territories? 2025-08-05 ???? ????????????[????????]
- ↑ Dowding? Keith; Dumont? Patrick (2014)? The Selection of Ministers around the World? Taylor & Francis? p. 395? ISBN 978-1-317-63444-7?
- ↑ D'Aquino? Thomas (1983)? Parliamentary democracy in Canada: issues for reform? ITP Nelson? pp. 2? ISBN 0458962902? Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (??????) - ↑ Surface water and surface water change? Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????????????
- ↑ Government of Canada? Statistics Canada (June 17, 2021)? The Daily — Canada's population estimates, first quarter 2021? August 5, 2021 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census? Statistics Canada (February 8, 2017)? February 10, 2017 ???? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????????????
- ↑ ?.? ?.? ?.? ?.? World Economic Outlook Database? ?????????? ????????????????????? (April 2021)? April 6, 2020 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Income inequality? OECD? July 16, 2021 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Human Development Report 2020 (in en)? United Nations Development Programme (2020)? December 15, 2020 ???? ????????????
- ↑ The Government of Canada and Standards Council of Canada prescribe ISO 8601 as the country's official all-numeric date format: Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau (1997)? "5.14: Dates"? The Canadian style: A guide to writing and editing (Revised ed.)? Dundurn Press? p. 97? ISBN 978-1-55002-276-6? The dd/mm/yy and mm/dd/yy formats also remain in common use; see Date and time notation in Canada.
- ↑ James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1991)? Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism? Greenwood Publishing Group? p. 109? ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9?
- ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? Alan Rayburn (2001)? Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names? University of Toronto Press? pp. 14–22? ISBN 978-0-8020-8293-0?
- ↑ Paul R. Magocsi (1999)? Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples? University of Toronto Press? p. 1048? ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6?
- ↑ Great Britain (1841)? An Act to Re-write the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government of Canada? J.C. Fisher & W. Kimble? p. 20?
- ↑ O'Toole? Roger (2009)? "Dominion of the Gods: Religious continuity and change in a Canadian context"? in Hvithamar, Annika; Warburg, Margit; Jacobsen, Brian Arly (ed.)? Holy nations and global identities: civil religion, nationalism, and globalisation? Brill? p. 137? ISBN 978-90-04-17828-1?CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
- ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? Buckner, Philip, ed. (2008)? Canada and the British Empire? Oxford University Press? pp. 37–40, 56–59, 114, 124–125? ISBN 978-0-19-927164-1?
- ↑ John Courtney; David Smith (2010)? The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics? Oxford Handbooks Online? p. 114? ISBN 978-0-19-533535-4?
- ↑ ??.? ??.? Christoph Beat Graber; Karolina Kuprecht; Jessica C. Lai (2012)? International Trade in Indigenous Cultural Heritage: Legal and Policy Issues? Edward Elgar Publishing? p. 366? ISBN 978-0-85793-831-2?
- ↑ Linda S. Cordell; Kent Lightfoot; Francis McManamon; George Milner (2008)? Archaeology in America: An Encyclopedia? 4? ABC-CLIO? p. 3? ISBN 978-0-313-02189-3?
- ↑ Timothy R. Pauketat (2012)? The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology? Oxford University Press? p. 96? ISBN 978-0-19-538011-8?
- ↑ Thomas D. Dillehay (2008)? The Settlement of the Americas: A New Prehistory? Basic Books? p. 61? ISBN 978-0-7867-2543-4? 25 March 2015 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 16 September 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Center for Archaeological Sciences Norman Herz Professor of Geology and Director; Society of Archaelogical Sciences both at University of Georgia Ervan G. Garrison Associate Professor of Anthropology and Geology and President (1997)? Geological Methods for Archaeology? Oxford University Press? p. 125? ISBN 978-0-19-802511-5?
- ↑ Hayes? Derek (2008)? Canada: an illustrated history? Douglas & Mcintyre? pp. 7, 13? ISBN 978-1-55365-259-5?
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- ↑ Sonneborn? Liz (January 2007)? Chronology of American Indian History? Infobase Publishing? pp. 2–12? ISBN 978-0-8160-6770-1?
- ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? Wilson? Donna M; Northcott, Herbert C (2008)? Dying and Death in Canada? University of Toronto Press? pp. 25–27? ISBN 978-1-55111-873-4?
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|editors=(??????) - ↑ O'Donnell? C. Vivian (2008)? "Native Populations of Canada"? in Bailey? Garrick Alan (ed.)? Indians In Contemporary Society? Handbook of North American Indians? 2? Government Printing Office? p. 285? ISBN 978-0-16-080388-8?
- ↑ True Peters? Stephanie (2005)? Smallpox in the New World? Marshall Cavendish? p. 39? ISBN 978-0-7614-1637-1?
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- ↑ Tanner, Adrian (1999)? 3. Innu-Inuit 'Warfare'? Innu Culture? Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland? 23 August 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Asch? Michael (1997)? Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada: Essays on Law, Equity, and Respect for Difference? UBC Pres? p. 28? ISBN 978-0-7748-0581-0?
- ↑ Kirmayer? Laurence J.; Guthriefirst2=Gail Valaskakis (2009)? Healing Traditions: The Mental Health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada? UBC Press? p. 9? ISBN 978-0-7748-5863-2?
- ↑ Reeves? Arthur Middleton (2009)? The Norse Discovery of America? BiblioLife? p. 82? ISBN 978-0-559-05400-6?
- ↑ John Cabot's voyage of 1497? Memorial University of Newfoundland (2000)? 12 February 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? August 15, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ ??.? ??.? Hornsby? Stephen J (2005)? British Atlantic, American frontier: spaces of power in early modern British America? University Press of New England? pp. 14, 18–19, 22–23? ISBN 978-1-58465-427-8?
- ↑ Cartier, Jacques; Biggar, Henry Percival; Cook, Ramsay (1993)? The Voyages of Jacques Cartier? University of Toronto Press? p. 26? ISBN 978-0-8020-6000-6?CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Rose, George A (October 1, 2007)? Cod: The Ecological History of the North Atlantic Fisheries? Breakwater Books? p. 209? ISBN 978-1-55081-225-1?
- ↑ Ninette Kelley; Michael J. Trebilcock (September 30, 2010)? The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy? University of Toronto Press? p. 27? ISBN 978-0-8020-9536-7?
- ↑ Howard Roberts LaMar (1977)? The Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West? University of Michigan? p. 355? ISBN 978-0-690-00008-5?
- ↑ Tucker, Spencer C; Arnold, James; Wiener, Roberta (September 30, 2011)? The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History? ABC-CLIO? p. 394? ISBN 978-1-85109-697-8?CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Phillip Alfred Buckner; John G. Reid (1994)? The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History? University of Toronto Press? pp. 55–56? ISBN 978-0-8020-6977-1?
- ↑ Nolan, Cathal J (2008)? Wars of the age of Louis XIV, 1650–1715: an encyclopedia of global warfare and civilization? ABC-CLIO? p. 160? ISBN 978-0-313-33046-9?
- ↑ Allaire, Gratien (May 2007). "From "Nouvelle-France" to "Francophonie canadienne": a historical survey". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2007 (185): 25–52. doi:.
- ↑ Hicks, Bruce M (March 2010). "Use of Non-Traditional Evidence: A Case Study Using Heraldry to Examine Competing Theories for Canada's Confederation". British Journal of Canadian Studies 23 (1): 87–117. doi:.
- ↑ Eric Nellis (2010)? An Empire of Regions: A Brief History of Colonial British America? University of Toronto Press – University of British Columbia? p. 331? ISBN 978-1-4426-0403-2?
- ↑ Todd Leahy; Raymond Wilson (September 30, 2009)? Native American Movements? Scarecrow Press? p. 49? ISBN 978-0-8108-6892-2?
- ↑ McNairn? Jeffrey L (2000)? The capacity to judge? University of Toronto Press? p. 24? ISBN 978-0-8020-4360-3?
- ↑ Immigration History of Canada? Marianopolis College (2004)? December 16, 2007 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ The Irish Emigration of 1847 and Its Canadian Consequences? cchahistory.ca? 7 July 2014 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 20 September 2015 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Dijkink? Gertjan; Knippenberg? Hans (2001)? The Territorial Factor: Political Geography in a Globalising World? Amsterdam University Press? p. 226? ISBN 978-90-5629-188-4?
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- ↑ Sir John A. Macdonald? Library and Archives Canada (2008)? 14 June 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Cook? Terry (2000)? The Canadian West: An Archival Odyssey through the Records of the Department of the Interior? The Archivist? Library and Archives Canada? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Building a nation? Canadian Atlas? Canadian Geographic? March 3, 2006 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? Morton? Desmond (1999)? A military history of Canada (4th ed.)? McClelland & Stewart? pp. 130–158, 173, 203–233, 258? ISBN 978-0-7710-6514-9?
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- ↑ ??.? ??.? McGonigal? Richard Morton (1962)? The Conscription Crisis in Quebec – 1917: a Study in Canadian Dualism? Harvard University? p. Intro?
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- ↑ Bryce? Robert B. (June 1, 1986)? Maturing in Hard Times: Canada's Department of Finance through the Great Depression? McGill-Queens? p. 41? ISBN 978-0-7735-0555-1?
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- ↑ ??.? ??.? Goddard? Lance (2005)? Canada and the Liberation of the Netherlands? Dundurn Press? pp. 225–232? ISBN 978-1-55002-547-7?
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- ↑ Landry, Rodrigue (May 2007). "Official language minorities in Canada: an introduction". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2007 (185): 1–9. doi:.
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- ↑ Sarrouh? Elissar (January 22, 2002)? Social Policies in Canada: A Model for Development? Social Policy Series, No. 1 14–16, 22–37? United Nations? 1 February 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ ??.? ??.? Bickerton, James; Gagnon, Alain, ed. (2004)? Canadian Politics (4th ed.)? Broadview Press? pp. 250–254, 344–347? ISBN 978-1-55111-595-5?CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
- ↑ Légaré, André (2008). "Canada's Experiment with Aboriginal Self-Determination in Nunavut: From Vision to Illusion". International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 15 (2–3): 335–367. doi:.
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- ↑ Betz? Hans-Georg; Immerfall? Stefan (1998)? The new politics of the Right: neo-Populist parties and movements in established democracies? St. Martin?s Press? p. 173? ISBN 978-0-312-21134-9?
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- ↑ Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182? Government of Canada? June 22, 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ "The Oka Crisis" (Digital Archives)? CBC? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canada and Multilateral Operations in Support of Peace and Stability? National Defence and the Canadian Forces (2010)? 6 March 2014 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 2, 2014 ???? ????????????
- ↑ UNPROFOR? Royal Canadian Dragoons? 14 January 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? October 24, 2012 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Canada Recession: Global Recovery Still Fragile 3 Years On? Huffington Post (July 22, 2012)? 25 August 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? September 1, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canadian economy showing signs of wider recovery, Stephen Poloz says? Toronto Star (December 3, 2014)? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ "Canada's military contribution in Libya"? CBC? October 20, 2011? November 27, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ ??.? ??.? Canada exchanges fire with Islamic State in Iraq? BBC (January 19, 2015)? February 9, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? Canada? World Factbook? CIA (May 16, 2006)? 30 April 2019 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Niels West (2004)? Marine Affairs Dictionary: Terms, Concepts, Laws, Court Cases, and International Conventions and Agreements? Greenwood Publishing Group? p. 31? ISBN 978-0-313-30421-7?
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- ↑ The Boundary? International Boundary Commission (1985)? 1 August 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 17, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ National Atlas of Canada? Natural Resources Canada? 2005? p. 1? ISBN 978-0-7705-1198-2?
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- ↑ Bailey? William G; Oke, TR; Rouse, Wayne R (1997)? The surface climates of Canada? McGill-Queen's University Press? p. 124? ISBN 978-0-7735-1672-4?
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- ↑ Queen Victoria (March 29, 1867). "Constitution Act, 1867: Preamble". Queen's Printer. Retrieved on May 23, 2011.
- ↑ Smith? David E? "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy?"? Queen's University? June 10, 2010? ??- 6? May 23, 2011 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 17 June 2010?
- ↑ ???.? ???.? MacLeod? Kevin S (2012)? A Crown of Maples (PDF) (2nd ed.)? Queen's Printer for Canada? p. 16? ISBN 978-0-662-46012-1? 10 November 2012 ???? ?????? (PDF) ??? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ↑ The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities? Queen's Printer? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Commonwealth public administration reform 2004? Commonwealth Secretariat? 2004? pp. 54–55? ISBN 978-0-11-703249-1?
- ↑ ???.? ???.? ???.? Forsey? Eugene (2005)? How Canadians Govern Themselves (PDF) (6th ed.)? Queen's Printer? pp. 1, 16, 26? ISBN 978-0-662-39689-5? 15 January 2011 ???? ???????? ???????????????? (PDF) ? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ ???.? ???.? Marleau? Robert? House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions? Queen's Printer? 28 August 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Prime Minister of Canada? Queen's Printer (2009)? 19 April 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Johnson? David (2006)? Thinking government: public sector management in Canada (2nd ed.)? University of Toronto Press? pp. 134–135, 149? ISBN 978-1-55111-779-9?
- ↑ The Opposition in a Parliamentary System? Library of Parliament? 25 November 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ O'Neal, Brian; Bédard, Michel; Spano, Sebastian (April 11, 2011)? Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers? Library of Parliament? 22 May 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? June 2, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Ann L. Griffiths; Karl Nerenberg (2003)? Handbook of Federal Countries? McGill-Queen's Press? p. 116? ISBN 978-0-7735-7047-4?
- ↑ Differences from Provincial Governments? Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories (2008)? January 30, 2014 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Din?er, Hasan (2013)? Global Strategies in Banking and Finance? IGI Global? p. 69? ISBN 978-1-4666-4636-0?
- ↑ About? Statistics Canada (2014)? February 14, 2015 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ ???.? ???.? ???.? Patterson, Lisa Lynne (2004). "Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 2004–2006". Parliamentary Information and Research Service, Library of Parliament. Retrieved on October 23, 2014.
- ↑ Treaty areas? Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (October 7, 2002)? 22 January 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Ontario Provincial Police? OPP official website (2009)? October 24, 2012 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Military Strength of Canada? Global Firepower (March 27, 2014)? January 25, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canadian military spending by the numbers? Ottawa Citizen (September 3, 2014)? January 25, 2015 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Canada? United States Department of State (2014)? 13 February 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Vagnoni? Giselda? "Rich nations to sign $1.5 bln vaccine pact in Italy"? Reuters? February 5, 2007? May 23, 2011 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 16 August 2011?
- ↑ Blomfield? Adrian? "Russia claims North Pole with Arctic flag stunt"? August 3, 2007? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ "Canada's Libya mission to end in 2 weeks"? CBC? October 20, 2011? December 30, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ "Nine strikes in 50 days: Canadian military defends Iraq bombing record"? The Globe and Mail? December 18, 2014? February 14, 2015 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ International Organizations and Forums? Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (2013)? 27 February 2014 ???? ????????? ????????????????? March 3, 2014 ???? ????????????
- ↑ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights? United Nations (2014)? 1 September 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? March 3, 2014 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Jason Clemens; Niels Veldhuis (2012)? Beyond Equalization: Examining Fiscal Transfers in a Broader Context? The Fraser Institute? p. 8? ISBN 978-0-88975-215-3?
- ↑ Report for selected Country – Canada? International Monetary Fund (2015)? May 22, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Latest release? World Trade Organization (April 17, 2008)? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Index of Globalization 2010? KOF? May 22, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Index of Economic Freedom? Heritage Foundation/Wall Street Journal (2013)? 29 June 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? June 27, 2013 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ ???.? ???.? Canada? OECD Better Life Index? OECD (2014)? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ TMX Group Equity Financing Statistics – September 2014? TMX (September 2014)? February 7, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping? Statistics Canada (2014)? 28 April 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 7, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Grant? Tavia? "Canada has first yearly trade deficit since 1975"? February 10, 2010? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canada's Trade Deficit Widens? Wall Street Journal (February 7, 2015)?
- ↑ Employment by Industry? Statistics Canada (January 8, 2009)? 24 May 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ ???.? ???.? Brown? Charles E (2002)? World energy resources? Springer? pp. 323, 378–389? ISBN 978-3-540-42634-9?
- ↑ World proven crude oil reserves by country, 1960–2011? Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (2012)? 5 September 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 27 September 2015 ???? ???????????? “Oil & Gas Journal's oil reserve estimate for Canada includes ?.??? billion barrels (???,???,??? ???????) of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and ???.? billion barrels (?.???×???? ???????) of oil sands reserves. Information collated by the EIA”
- ↑ ???.? ???.? Britton? John NH (1996)? Canada and the Global Economy: The Geography of Structural and Technological Change? McGill-Queen's University Press? pp. 26–27, 155–163? ISBN 978-0-7735-1356-3?
- ↑ Zinc Production by Country (Metric tons, zinc content of concentrate and direct shipping ore, unless otherwise specified)? United States Geological Survey data via Index Mundi (2009)? May 14, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Statistics? Natural Resources Canada? 9 September 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Leacy, FH:Vl-12? Statistics Canada (1983)? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Dr David Mosler; Professor Bob Catley (2013)? The American Challenge: The World Resists US Liberalism? Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.? p. 38? ISBN 978-1-4094-9852-0?
- ↑ Morck? Randall; Tian, Gloria; Yeung, Bernard (2005)? "Who owns whom? Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada"? in Eden, Lorraine; Dobson, Wendy (eds.)? Governance, multinationals, and growth? Edward Elgar Publishing? p. 50? ISBN 978-1-84376-909-5? Cite uses deprecated parameter
|editors=(??????) - ↑ Hale, Geoffrey (October 2008). "The Dog That Hasn't Barked: The Political Economy of Contemporary Debates on Canadian Foreign Investment Policies". Canadian Journal of Political Science 41 (3): 719–747. doi:.
- ↑ David Johnson (2006)? Thinking Government: Public Sector Management in Canada? University of Toronto Press? p. 374? ISBN 978-1-55111-779-9?
- ↑ Sturgeon? Jamie (March 13, 2009)? Jobless rate to peak at 10%: TD? National Post? 1 February 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Latest release from Labour Force Survey? Statistics Canada (November 6, 2009)? 21 August 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Yalnizyan? Armine? "The real state of Canada's jobs market"? October 15, 2010? December 12, 2010 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Budget fights deficit with freeze on future spending? CTV News (March 4, 2010)? 6 April 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canada's international investment position? The Daily? Statistics Canada (June 17, 2010)? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canada's Budget Triumph (PDF)? Mercatus Center (George Mason University) (September 30, 2010)? July 15, 2013 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Update of Economic and Fiscal Projections? Department of Finance Canada (2013)? 22 February 2014 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 11, 2014 ???? ????????????
- ↑ IMF drops forecast for Canadian economic growth? CTV News (January 20, 2015)? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canada's Trade with the World, by Region? Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (March 24, 2014)? 14 January 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 18, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Minister Fast Congratulates the Organizers of the Canada and Free Trade with Asia Conference? Canadian International Council (2013)? 22 February 2014 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 11, 2014 ???? ????????????
- ↑ "Northern Gateway pipeline would strengthen trade ties to China"? The Globe and Mail? May 7, 2012? August 19, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Pipeline economics: China needs oil, and Canada's got it? Macleans.ca (September 25, 2012)? 3 December 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? December 4, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Domestic spending on research and development? Statistics Canada (October 17, 2014)? February 7, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canadian Nobel Prize in Science Laureates? Science.ca? February 7, 2015 ???? ???????????? Note that this source was published before 2011 and as such does not include Ralph M. Steinman.
- ↑ ???.? ???.? Rockefeller University scientist Ralph Steinman, honored today with Nobel Prize for discovery of dendritic cells, dies at 68? Rockefeller University (October 3, 2011)? 25 December 2018 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 27 September 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canadian Nobel Prize in Science Laureates? Science.ca? February 7, 2015 ???? ???????????? Note that this source was published before 2011 and as such does not include Ralph M. Steinman.
- ↑ Top 250 Canadian Technology Companies? Branham Group Inc (2014)? 15 March 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Internet Usage and Population in North America? Internet World Stats (June 2014)? 7 February 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 7, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Alouette I and II? CSA? November 30, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ "Canada's astronauts"? CBC News? October 26, 2010? December 8, 2011 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Black Brant Sounding Rockets? Magellan Aerospace (2013)? 13 February 2015 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ 2011 Census: Population and dwelling counts? Statistics Canada (February 8, 2012)? February 8, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Green, Jeff? "Canada's population hits 35 million"? December 6, 2012? September 16, 2013 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ National Household Survey Profile? Statistics Canada (2011)? February 13, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Religions in Canada—Census 2011? Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada?
- ↑ Custred? Glynn (2008)? "Security Threats on America's Borders"? in Moens, Alexander (ed.)? Immigration policy and the terrorist threat in Canada and the United States? Fraser Institute? p. 96? ISBN 978-0-88975-235-1?
- ↑ Urban-rural population as a proportion of total population, Canada, provinces, territories and health regions? Statistics Canada (2001)? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Martel? Laurent (September 22, 2009)? 2006 Census: Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006, by Age and Sex? Statistics Canada? 20 September 2017 ???? ????????? ????????????????? October 18, 2009 ???? ????????????
- ↑ "Canadian population creeps up in average age"? CBC? September 28, 2011? April 11, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ 2013 Human Development Index and its components – Statistics (PDF)? UNDP (2013)? 19 March 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? March 15, 2013 ???? ????????????
- ↑ The most educated countries in the world? NBC (2012)? April 25, 2013 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Overview of Education in Canada? Council of Ministers of Education, Canada? 5 January 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? October 20, 2010 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Creating Opportunities for All Canadians? Department of Finance Canada (November 14, 2005)? 23 April 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 22, 2006 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Comparing countries' and economies' performances? OECD (2009)? May 22, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Canadian education among best in the world: OECD? CTV News (December 7, 2010)? 28 May 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 15, 2013 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Canada welcomes highest number of legal immigrants in 50 years while taking action to maintain the integrity of Canada's immigration system? Citizenship and Immigration Canada (February 13, 2011)? 22 December 2013 ???? ????????? ????????????????? February 11, 2012 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Supplementary Information to the 2015 Immigration Levels Plan? Citizenship and Immigration Canada? February 1, 2015 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Immigration overview – Permanent and temporary residents? Citizenship and Immigration Canada (2012)? February 11, 2014 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Government of Canada Tables 2011 Immigration Plan? Canada News Centre? 3 December 2010 ???? ????????? ????????????????? December 12, 2010 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Alan Simmons (2010)? Immigration and Canada: Global and Transnational Perspectives? Canadian Scholars' Press? p. 92? ISBN 978-1-55130-362-8?
- ↑ Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Data table? Statistics Canada (July 28, 2009)? 11 December 2020 ???? ????????? ????????????????? May 23, 2011 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data? 2006 Census: Topic-based tabulations? Statistics Canada (June 12, 2008)? 18 October 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? September 18, 2009 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Anita Kalunta-Crumpton; Texas Southern University (2012)? Race, Ethnicity, Crime and Criminal Justice in the Americas? Palgrave Macmillan? p. 12? ISBN 978-0-230-35586-6?
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- ↑ Pendakur? Krishna? Visible Minorities and Aboriginal Peoples in Vancouver's Labour Market? Simon Fraser University? 16 May 2011 ???? ????????? ????????????????? June 30, 2014 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Lilley? Brian (2010)? Canadians want immigration shakeup? Parliamentary Bureau? Canadian Online Explorer? 7 July 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? November 14, 2010 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ 'No Religion' Is Increasingly Popular For Canadians: Report? Huffington Post (May 15, 2013)? May 19, 2013 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Religions in Canada—Census 2011? Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada (2011)? May 19, 2013 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Dr. David M. Haskell (Wilfrid Laurier University) (2009)? Through a Lens Darkly: How the News Media Perceive and Portray Evangelicals? Clements Publishing Group? p. 50? ISBN 978-1-894667-92-0?
- ↑ Kevin Boyle; Juliet Sheen (2013)? Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report? University of Essex – Routledge? p. 219? ISBN 978-1-134-72229-7?
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- ↑ Heller? Monica (2003)? Crosswords: language, education and ethnicity in French Ontario? Mouton de Gruyter? pp. 72, 74? ISBN 978-3-11-017687-2?
- ↑ Aboriginal languages? Statistics Canada? October 5, 2009 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Olive Patricia Dickason (1992)? Canada's First Nations: A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times? University of Oklahoma Press? p. 419? ISBN 978-0-8061-2439-1?
- ↑ Fettes? Mark; Norton, Ruth (2001)? "Voices of Winter: Aboriginal Languages and Public Policy in Canada"? in Castellano, Marlene Brant; Davis, Lynne; Lahache, Louise (ed.)? Aboriginal education: fulfilling the promise? UBC Press? p. 39? ISBN 978-0-7748-0783-8?CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
- ↑ Russell? Peter H (2005)? "Indigenous Self-Determination: Is Canada as Good as it Gets?"? in Hocking, Barbara (ed.)? Unfinished constitutional business?: rethinking indigenous self-determination? Aboriginal Studies Press? p. 180? ISBN 978-0-85575-466-2?
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- ↑ Population by mother tongue, by province and territory? Statistics Canada (January 2013)? July 4, 2013 ???? ????????????
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- ↑ Pamela R. Stern (June 30, 2010)? Daily life of the Inuit? ABC-CLIO? p. 151? ISBN 978-0-313-36311-5?
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- ↑ Hymne national du Canada? Canadian Heritage (June 23, 2008)? 29 January 2009 ???? ????????? ????????????????? June 26, 2008 ???? ????????????
- ↑ Henry Roxborough, "The Beginning of Organized Sport in Canada", Canada (1975) 2#3 pp 30–43
- ↑ Vancouver 2010? The Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (2009)? 25 October 2009 ???? ????????? ????????????????? October 20, 2009 ???? ????????????
- ↑ ???.? ???.? Canadian Heritage (2002)? Symbols of Canada? Canadian Government Publishing? ISBN 978-0-660-18615-3?
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